This is not mere story telling or artistry. Thus literature opens up new fields of experience, new lines of thoughts and speculations, because it carries us beyond the meagre humanity of our everyday round of existence into contact with those fresh, strong and magnetic personalities who have embodied themselves into worlds great books. Life is the raw material from which the creative imagination of great writers generates works of fiction that are truer than lifetruer because they probe and reveal more deeply its real character. The diary became known as The Diary of a Young Girl and was one of the most read books in the twentieth century, with the readers sympathizing the victims of the genocide geared towards the Jews in the Second World War. So he encourages all the girls to go out, taking their cousin with them. It must voice their inmost desires, their noblest aspirations. Just like the marriage between Mrs. and Mr. Bennet, the friendship between Bingley and Darcy is another facet of the social evolution that Austen captures in her story. Austens in-depth knowledge of human nature creates men and women with characteristics that are perfectly true to life. This article will explore what literature entails and what makes a piece of writing literary. All the rest of her nature, the impulsiveness, initiative, foolishness and wild energy, are from the mother. The ideas of God, for example, or of certain moral virtues, were supposed to be eternal. But Austen has consciously or subconsciously exquisitely captured many of these truths of life with the apparent effortlessness of a true master. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. He refuses to exert himself. Oratory, the art of persuasion, was long considered a great literary art. As such, we can consider the text as one which expresses Fuller's feminist values. Everyone seems to take an interest in him. The goal of reading literature is to understand it. As such, we might find out more about an authors' culture (social customs of a particular group of people), their values (beliefs that are closely tied to your perspective of what is right or wrong), and their ideas (more isolated thoughts about a particular topic). The Holy Bible, one of the oldest written scriptures, is a compilation of tales, beliefs, and accounts that teach about Christianity (for both the Old and the New Testament) and about Judaism (for some selected books in the Old Testament). It is complex, intergenerational, and long-lasting. Mrs. Bennets father had been an attorney in the nearby town of Meryton. Thus, Bingley, with his fathers money that had been earned in trade, is trying to join the higher ranks. However, it expresses a clear dispassionate knowledge of the complexity of human character that exceeds in its subtle complexity the superficiality of most prevailing psychological theories. Details such as the main character's use of the phonotelephote, a device which enables ''the transmission of images by means of sensitive mirrors connected by wires,'' to communicate with his wife overseas in a way where he can see her, may seem silly in our current context of Skype and cell phones, but they serve as examples of the ideas someone living in the 19th century had regarding the future. They were not always done voluntarily or willingly, but the social progression followed that general direction. It depends upon the writer where he places the mirror. Literature is great because of its universality. The essay was once written deliberately as a piece of literature: its subject matter was of comparatively minor importance. His best works, Noli Me Tangere and its corresponding sequel, El Filibusterismo, were two of the many revolutionary tools that contributed to my countrys independence from Spain. So far, the story conveys the high drama and passion one would expect from great tragedy. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 The World in Transit: Going Beyond Myopic Visions, The Future of Democracy: Challenges & Prospects, The Future of the Nation-state in an Era of Globalization, Literature as a Key to Understanding People, Society and Life, Book Review of Come On! The Effects of Form & Structure in Poetry & Drama, Rhetorical Strategies & Methods of Argument, GACE English: Researching & Citing Sources, Using Technology to Teach Reading & Writing, AP English Language: Homework Help Resource, Traditional Literature: Definition, Characters, Types & Books, Determining Point of View & Purpose in Informational Texts, How to Read & Interpret Social Studies Texts, Conveying Point of View With Exaggerated Literary Devices, Alice Walker's The Color Purple: Summary & Quotes, Coretta Scott King: Biography, Books & Accomplishments, Famous African American Inventors: Inventions & Names, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. As a child, my mother always tried to keep me occupied and entertained. He has given up trade since the wealthy did not work or need to earn a living. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Darcy and Wickham alone have known each other since childhood. Great literature always grasps and reflects these truths of life that emerge triumphant out of the ruins of the past. In saying Austen wrote fairytale endings, critics mean she gives everyone, or almost everyone what they want at the end of the story. It can teach us about the past, help us understand the present and empower us to create the future. Lowly people are raised to heights they have never imagined, and find entry into circles they had earlier admired from a distance. She is only aware of what she wants. The five Bennet girls are all unique, each with her own characteristics. Jane receives all her beauty from her mother. It can do so much for ones own country. Once upon a time, In the year 1856, There once lived in a village, In the kingdom of, It was a sunny morning, and so on. It presents to the reader the authors insights into human character and reveals the complex ways in which human character, action and circumstance interrelate to generate chains of consequences and results. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Today most essays are written as expository, informative journalism, although there are still essayists in the great tradition who think of themselves as artists. "She passed away at the ripe old age of 95." Awkward Age. We try rather to understand the forces behind these social changes. A dramatic literary technique used by the author? 4. Only the knowledge that comes from direct spiritual experience can exceed the intuitive perceptions of great literature. Examine the concept of what constitutes literature in detail by how it expresses culture, values, and ideas through writing. Throughout this novel, Bronte explores many different aspects of life like love, hate, social class, and death. They are not exclusive enough for his taste. In dismissing the outcome as romantic fantasy, we fail to recognize what every high achiever intuitively perceivesthe power of aspiration for self-realization in life. These thoughts are then shared to readers in an effort to inspire them, guide them, or show them another perspective on life. At the end of the story, they have all become interconnected through marriage. In Act IV of Hamlet, Hamlets uncle, King Claudius, dispatches the young prince to England as a representative to the English king accompanied by two courtiers, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, who have been secretly missioned by Claudius to ensure that Hamlet never returns alive to Denmark. He declares Wickhams a fool if he takes her with a farthing less than ten thousand pounds. Bingleys rise is recent, and unlike some nouveau riche who are impatient to disown their humble roots, he is just as comfortable with the unsophisticated villagers as he is with the aristocrats. This being said general and broad assumptions could be made about literary art and creative thought separately. The British society was stratified and class distinctions were present. This is one of the profound insights that can be drawn from the book about the social process that was taking place at that time, and about the process of social evolution in general. Privacy Policy His daughter, Charlotte, is an unmarried twenty seven year old girl without beauty or fortune. Read with this insight, Pride and Prejudice, as all great works of literature, offers us all the knowledge required to promote individual accomplishment and human welfare. Literature is expression of thoughts, reflection of society and reflection of life. A national anthem is a lyrical verse. The quotation appears in Act 1 Scene 2 and is spoken by Cassius, one of the conspirators. Science studies objective external facts and regards subjective inner experiences as secondary or incidental, rather than causal factors. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". This is different from the collective writing style of the 18th century where writers would work together to tell stories about their societies as a whole. What is a Ballad Poem? It takes Austens genius to make Darcy and the son of his former steward both sons-in-law and hence, in some regard, equal in the Bennet family. Collins is without any other expectation than to marry one of the elder Bennet girls. She finds nothing wrong in eloping, her sense of right and wrong coming from her mother. But the changing conditions, aided by his love for Elizabeth, make Darcy go in search of Wickham and Lydia, in areas he would otherwise not visit, with the assistance of people he would much rather avoid. It means that literary art is an expression of life through the temperament of the writer and literature mirrors this temperament. A poet, journalist and novelist, Abbas Beydoun has experienced success all around the world with his words. It is found everywhere and anywhere. The next generation found acceptance, sometimes readily, sometimes reluctantly, in the social circles above. An educated, well-bred gentleman from a wealthy and distinguished family speaks ill of a country girl in her hearing, and insults her in public. Everyones true aspiration is fulfilled. A good marriage for one of his daughters would be welcome, and he shares his wifes concern for their future. England was thus spared a revolution because it adopted a peaceful evolution. She wrote her six novels during the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars. This internal conflict in Darcy results in the insulting words. But Science does not have an answer to the question, How and why did it all begin in the first place?. Copyright. When Mrs. Bennet and her daughters return from the assembly where they meet Bingley for the first time, Mr. Bennet is unusually awake late in the night, waiting for their return. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. Such knowledge is impossible to obtain from a textbook of psychology for the simple reason that experiential, subjective truths that touch the emotions have a greater learning impact than abstract scientific knowledge in a textbook. It was used to be believed at one time that the deepest things in life are those that deal with what were called the eternal varieties of life. The writer need not even pursue it to attain it. He keeps a house in London and an estate in the country. Carvings and paintings on walls inside caves of stone give evidence about the lives of prehistoric people. Literature is also a tool for the foundation of a religion. He enjoys his social elevation; she needs his sycophancy for her own self-aggrandizement. First and foremost, literature opens our eyes and makes us see more than just what the front door shows. Bradleys profound insight into human nature exceeds that of all but the greatest psychologists and sometimes seems to rival that of Shakespeare himself. Most importantly, literature is the mirror of life. It is thus fundamentally an expression of life through the medium of language. - Definition, Structure & Examples, Introduction to Medieval Literature: Old English, Middle English, and Historical Context, Style in Fiction: Dialect & Figures of Speech, Ode on a Grecian Urn by Keats: Analysis and Summary, Literature in Society Overview & Role | How Literature Shapes Society. Long before humans began to know how to read and write with the words that our ancestors created, literature already existed. This further widened the social differences between itself and the rest of the population, and raised real barriers to compatibility and harmony between the classes. The role of literature in society is to help people understand themselves, other people, and the world around them. In Pride and Prejudice, Austen shows the unmistakable connections between the inner and outer worlds. It cultivates wonders, inspires a generation, and feeds information. Literature is an essential part of history. It is on the record that on that July day in 1789 when the Bastille was stormed, some 300 miles away in Hampshire, the Earl of Winchilsea was playing cricket, and was bowled out before he could score a single run, by an untitled man named William Bullen. At such a time, Austen could not but be subtle in her critical social commentary. Literature presents peculiar way/s on how man sees life as evidenced by the formation of his ideas, forms, structures and expressions which are marked by their memorable substance. He never considers the possibility that Shakespeare has perceived and is either consciously or subconsciously pointing to a deeper truth of life that can attract our attention only when it occurs in circumstances that appear inexplicable according to any normal conception of causality. Of course, without the arrival of Bingley and Darcy at this place and time, there is no story, no Pride and Prejudice. What is Philosophy? The limitations of analysis can be found even in the most profound works of literary criticism. When Charlotte announces her engagement to Collins, Elizabeth responds with an unthinking, insensitive Impossible! When she informs her family of her own engagement to Darcy, the same word is echoed. He has been invited to a ball. Sir Lucas knighthood and Charlottes elevation through marriage to Collins are again Austens portrayal of the social changes taking place in the country. On the ship to England, Hamlet awakes restless during the night. Does life always throw out such pointers? The book Fahrenheit 451, by Ray Bradbury, revolves around the idea of censorship as a bane to the society and culture. To use the word writing when describing literature is itself misleading, for one may speak of oral literature or the literature of preliterate peoples. The art of literature is not reducible to the words on the page; they are there solely because of the craft of writing. On the contrary, a scientific exposition might be of great literary value and a pedestrian poem of none at all. He needs to cultivate friendship with a man from the highest circles in the land, as Darcy is. Life brings this disparate group together as they all walk or ride into Meryton at the same time. He connives with the family governess to convince Darcys sister Georgiana to elope with him. Do even our little, individual acts repeat in our day to day lives? Austen goes further in her analysis of human character. Pride and Prejudice begins with news of the arrival of a wealthy bachelor, Charles Bingley, at Netherfield Hall in Hertfordshire. It shows how the constant altercations between Mrs. and Mr. Bennet are more than an expression of the underlying rivalry between the couple. Later, Wickham carries out something similar with Lydia, the youngest Bennet girl. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Her recent change of attitude is immediately followed by a sudden change of circumstances. She is unable to understand, let alone accept, change. In its wider meaning, it includes everything that has been expressed through the written or the printed page. In a sense, all literature expresses ideas, whether it's a creative idea or the author's idea of how to use literary techniques. Austen ignores neither the historical events of her time, nor the social conditions of her land. Literature is the expression of life. all walks of life art is long and life is short as big as life as if (one's) life depends on it as large as life as much as (one's) life is worth at (one's) time of life at my, your, etc. Both of them had parted, wishing never to meet each other. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. He is also intelligent. Millie is currently working in tertiary education, whilst completing her master's degree in English Studies. He hates to move in social circles outside his own. Literary Fiction Overview & Examples | What is Literary Fiction? He enjoys the respectability that comes from being a wealthy gentleman, and would like to take on the trappings of that class. Literary authors have the opportunity to present their culture, values, and ideas to others in a way that is not confrontational, and which might even draw the reader in enough for them to learn more about these things. They are particularly close to the family of a neighboring knight. Darcy who was among the first circles in the land marries a girl without a fortune, the daughter of a modest landowner, with ties to the working class in the country and tradespeople in London. His daughters are immensely relieved, and his wife wildly happy on receiving the news of Lydias marriage. When his second attempt is successful, and his dearest, loveliest Elizabeth accepts him, he feels a happiness that he has never felt before. In doing so, the author uses both direct statements on how she believes things should be, as well as presenting examples of what she considers a problematic view of women. A study of literature thus begins in a very simple and humble way. It is not possible for any writer, especially one of Austens stature, to create something that is not true to life. All rights reserved. Life is not . Yet both are classed as literature, while the speculations of other philosophers, ancient and modern, are not. The barriers which egalitarian modern society today tends to dismiss as mere prejudice did exist, as Lady Catherine insists. Very often, literature contains some novel ideas, and the form is one which lends itself to experimentation with one's ideas. Her brother was employed in trade in London. It is pervaded with a deeper knowledge of the character of life itself. It had subconsciously imbibed the principles that formed the basis of the French Revolution. The long gradual decline of aristocracy leads us to overlook the real cultural attainments which characterized their ascendency and long period of social dominance. Does life indicate the end subtly in the beginning? Do we sanction, subconsciously, every act in our lives? But none of them have even a single aspect of their nature that cannot be traced to one or the other of their parents. Necessarily such writers had to produce work that would appeal to their patrons primarily. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. She feels a twinge of regret for having turned down such magnificence. It helped me pass my exam and the test questions are very similar to the practice quizzes on Study.com. Literature mirrors life because it also explores all aspects of humanity: good and evil, love, jealousy, fear, anger, joy, despair. Individual attempts within these forms are said to succeed if they possess something called artistic merit and to fail if they do not. Psychological Approach Literature is viewed as the expression of "personality," of "inner drives" or "neurosis". She declares she will have nothing to do with the couple anymore. The English aristocrats sacrificed their egoistic pride and prestige to save their heads. Literature gives us a detailed preview of human experiences, allowing us to connect on basic levels of desire and emotion. A national anthem, with its sole purpose to praise a nation, is a form of literature. All the articles you read in this site are contributed by users like you, with a single vision to liberate knowledge. The purpose of this essay is to examine literary creativity within the context that views all sides of the coin. Literature is a method of recording, preserving, and transmitting knowledge and entertainment, and can . When Bingley arrives in town, she plans and schemes to make him fall in love with Jane. He has high values and principles. It helps us to understand those things that are not easily understood and comprehended that includes pain, hatred, love, death, war, sacrifice, human nature, and more surprisingly truth. The Bennet girls did not know of Wickham until they meet him in town. Those devils have been my angels. John Lennons song, Imagine, basically tells us about the philosophy of the hippie community make love not war. Poetry that expresses intensely individual views and sentiments, novels that depict the manners of a limited class of community or deal with highly specialised problems, cannot surely be of the same level as are Tulsidass Ramcharitmanas or Kritibass Ramayana, which had and still have a mass appeal.
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