Jeremy Corbyn. Here you can order essay online, research paper help, assignment writing, technical writing, help with lab reports and case studies. We have detected that Javascript is not enabled in your browser. Although there was some tangible degree of divisions within the party over the banality and unradical approach, with many backbenchers urging a return to the early zealousness for national change, it was not this issue which harmed the party most. Sarah from CollectifbdpHi there, would you like to get such a paper? This large Parliamentary shift, in the face of an unremarkable swing in the popular vote, can be attributed partly to Labours loss of the middle class vote. Their living standards had not radically altered since 1945, and the significance of many of these voters is that they voted in marginal constituencies. There was. Between 1948 and the election year 1950, Labour was committed to a period of tighter spending and more austere demands placed upon citizens. Labour's achievements, or rather what they did not achieve, can be linked as to why they lost: they had arguably successfully set up a welfare state but had also induced an economic crisis. Just by losing a core of middle class voters, Labour lost a great many marginal contests and most particularly in the well-to-do constituencies of southern and south-eastern England. America sought the support of her allies in fighting the North Korean communists, and Britain committed troops to assist her. How about receiving a customized one? Labours answer focused on working class interests. The first-past-the-post system ensures that the elected government has a workable majority. This was the fourth of five elections in the twentieth century where a party lost the popular vote, but won the most seats. year ect. It is at this point that the switch from socialist idealism to pragmatic consolidation might be identified as a cause of voter disaffection. Hugh Dalton's administration of the Paul Addison, however, argues that the campaign was important because Attlee's reputation rose during the 1945 electoral campaign. For all of my fellow A2 AQA historians out there, I hope this helps! Conservative pre-war blunders played a key role in Labour's victory due to the electorate remembering these mistakes. The campaign is all too often seen as the most important factor in Labour's landslide victory in 1945, however it is of less importance than the war or their policies, for example. UNHAPPY PARLIAMENT, Labour majority Although it was hoped that Daltons resignation might offset some of the decline in public confidence in Labours economic policy, the government were never again endorsed by mass popularity as in the previous two years. However Pearce concludes that. The split ran deep within the Labour party and consequently it was deeply weakened, so when it came to the 1951 election, Labour found it much harder to fight against the now united Conservatives who had been re-organisation under a new leader. With an inadequate sense of self-renewal, the Attlee era party had little further to put before voters after 1947. Cole suggested that its success was the inevitable consequence of the emergence of class politics. administration (up to Voters associated labour with Austerity. In the summer of 1950, the Korean War broke out. After being elected in 1945, the Labour Government introduced changes to welfare, employment and housing that would last a generation. sects ( religion/ groups), Issue in Iran with Oil efiniry nationalised, wasn't handles, Election results 1951 Furthermore, an apparently humiliating trade policy including subservience to US demands was particularly discrediting in the eyes of post-colonialists who identified this as betrayal rather than pragmatism. Cost of Living KOREAN WAR Austerity LINK TO COMPULSORY MILITARY SERVICE - cost of heating, clothing, education and food (and other necessities) was increasing; dissatisfaction amongst the people - defense spending increased whilst public spending decreased; led to NHS prescription charges between people of different The Bevanites, being more left-wing, wanted to focus Britains resources on further nationalisation of industry. Working class voters, on the other hand, remained loyal to the Labour Party and the 1951 election saw Labour poll the highest aggregate popular vote ever achieved in Britain. This showed they were flexible and committed to improvement; they were a party of continuity and efficiency. Gaitskell adopted a similarly pragmatic approach to Britains budgetary problems and kept typically socialist long-term economic planning to a minimum. Labour - 295 seats, Conservatives - 321 seats, Liberals - 6 seats In 1951 the Liberals put up 109 candidates, in 1945 they had put up 475. Overall, it was the first-past-the-post system that won Labour their 'landslide' victory in 1945 and in 1951 allowed the Conservatives to win despite polling less votes. In 1951 Winston Churchill's Conservative party, won the general election, and this would be the start of 13 years of Conservative rule pning three prime ministers. Looking at the Labour government in these four sections of reform, of crisis, of consolidation and of division helps us to see where the party lost its huge majority. Firstly, the party enacted most of its initial 1945 manifesto pledges in establishing the NHS, founding the Welfare State, and building one million new homes. socialist the party In 1945 Labour had won 11.99m (47.8%) of the vote, and went on to attain 13.95m (48.8%) of the vote in 51. Following their post-war election defeat, the Conservatives were able to make significant improvements to the party between 1945 and 1951. In October 2004 Blair announced that he would seek a third term as prime minister but would not stand for a fourth term. After gaining such a large majority in 1945, most Labour politicians felt relatively assured that they had at least 10 years in office secured. 20. century British politics had been dominated by the conservatives, and Labour had never formed a workable majority before 1945. WW2 obviously played a large role in the results of both the 1945 and 1951 elections, in 1945 its effects were clear on the homefront as it had acted as a catalyst to socialist ideas and in 1951 it was the economic turmoil that the war had triggered which led to many people to vote for the reliable conservatives. Gaitskell and Morrison (Deputy Prime Minister) both doubted whether Labour would be able to defeat the Conservatives in 1951, owing to their loss of seats in the 1950 election. So, at the 1950 election there was a 2. This massive reform of the 1945-1946 period was dealt a blow in February 1947, when the government faced a fuel crisis. Indeed, after signing the Munich Agreement, Chamberlain was heralded as a hero: 'saving' the country from another bloody war. Firstly, the party enacted most of its initial 1945 manifesto pledges in establishing the NHS, founding the Welfare State, and building one million new homes. Both of these policies were unpopular amongst the mass electorate, and rationing caused consternation most notably the middle class, to whom the need for wartime prudence was no longer apparent. It called for a reelection the next year. This aim was ill-fated and in the eyes of many economists , obviously exceeded the country's economic capacity, . The electorate clearly did not see it this way though, believing that the Labour party had lied to them, this feeling of betrayal saw many voters return to the reliable Conservatives in the 1951 election. and been in government After the First World War, the Lloyd George Coalition had made many empty promises concerning reconstruction. drugs. Having been given such a considerable mandate to rebuild the country in 1945, the Attlee post-war government lost popular support considerably over the next six years. The results of the 1945 general election exceeded the hopes of the most fervent Labour supporter. nationalisation of a 'ragbag threat of Russia (Start Once more, it was the objection of the middle class voters to austere conditions which brought about the Parliamentary swing. time of economic downfall- seen to be short lived as by 1952 the leadership remembered in a Outlined in the report were: all working age people would pay a National Insurance tax, and Benefits would be paid to the sick, unemployed, retired or widowed. The war had undoubtedly played a major role in the elections, being seen as a people's war it broke down social boundaries and caused a shift to the left. Buter was key to this; promising that the Conservatives would not reverse the reforms introduced by Labour. In Place of Strife, prices and incomes policy etc. (45 Marks) The 3rd May 1979 saw the greatest parliamentary swing since the war, with the Conservative Party polling 43.9% of the vote; thereby winning 339 seats (up 62 since the last election). Labour's election record in the 1930s was poor, as they were disorganised and divided. This people's war was very beneficial to Labour in warming people to socialist ideologies, and their belief on the war being not just a fight against the fascist Germany, but a struggle for a prosperous post-war Britain was welcomed by the electorate. Reply 1 7 years ago A TSR George OP The 1983 general election marked a low point for the Labour Party. Developments during the war made a considerable contribution towards the shift to the left, with more support for collectivism and rationing. Atlee used this as an opportunity to emphasise that although Churchill was a great wartime leader he was not such a good domestic politician. until after the election on the grounds of "morality" which was the {"ad_unit_id":"App_Resource_Leaderboard","width":728,"height":90,"rtype":"MindMap","rmode":"canonical","placement":1,"sizes":"[[[1200, 0], [[728, 90]]], [[0, 0], [[468, 60], [234, 60], [336, 280], [300, 250]]]]","custom":[{"key":"env","value":"production"},{"key":"rtype","value":"MindMap"},{"key":"rmode","value":"canonical"},{"key":"placement","value":1},{"key":"sequence","value":1},{"key":"uauth","value":"f"},{"key":"uadmin","value":"f"},{"key":"ulang","value":"en_us"},{"key":"ucurrency","value":"usd"}]}, GCSE History Social Impact of the Nazi State in 1945, History- Medicine through time key figures, {"ad_unit_id":"App_Resource_Leaderboard","width":728,"height":90,"rtype":"MindMap","rmode":"canonical","placement":2,"sizes":"[[[0, 0], [[970, 250], [970, 90], [728, 90]]]]","custom":[{"key":"env","value":"production"},{"key":"rtype","value":"MindMap"},{"key":"rmode","value":"canonical"},{"key":"placement","value":2},{"key":"sequence","value":1},{"key":"uauth","value":"f"},{"key":"uadmin","value":"f"},{"key":"ulang","value":"en_us"},{"key":"ucurrency","value":"usd"}]}. Although interesting they had little to do with shifting the electorate's opinions, indeed in 1945 both parties' campaigns were largely improvised. protecting against the priorities, Coal mining-1947 and were in decline - government supporting Britain's involvement in the Korean War had not been a popular decision. Pearce's reinterpretation argument makes the most sense because policies like appeasement were relatively popular at the time. For me, the Attlee government(s) of 1945 - 51, achieved a huge amount, much of which we can still see and experience today, and which we sh. - NEW Then, as the Cripps years failed to bring an end to food scarcities and food queues, Labours perceived impact upon the national way of life was minimal to voters in the most crucial swinging constituencies. Nowhere was there any challenge to the basic Tory idea that workers should pay the price for the economic crisis, and if they refused, their basic rights should be attacked. excessive class orientated Labour's promises of social reforms won them many votes, however it was these promises which led to their failure in 1951, when many people believed that the promises hadn't been delivered. Within the Cabinet, Gaitskells decision to expand the defence budget at the expense of domestic spending enraged health minister Nye Bevan in particular, who resigned as a response to the Korean deployment. There are several causes which can be established, first by looking at the events of the Attlee years and then isolating those points at which factors were working toward the partys defeat. Please read our, {"ad_unit_id":"App_Resource_Sidebar_Upper","resource":{"id":2798048,"author_id":348222,"title":"Why did Labour lose the 1951 election? which Gaiskell set out While Labour managed to retain much working class support largely because of the role class identification was playing in determining partisan support at this time the middle class had quickly become disaffected. In the summer of 1950, the Korean War broke out. The impact of the Petrov Affair will be seen to significantly alter the political landscape of Australia and providing the liberal government under Menzies an opportunity to reconfirm their anti-communist sentiment. In 1945 Labour had won 11.99m (47.8%) of the vote, and went on to attain 13.95m (48.8%) of the vote in 51. the Tories as 'lower than vermin' alienated Nevertheless, the war was clearly more important in raising Atlee's reputation among Britons because Attlee was effectively completely in charge of the homefront for the duration of the war. Chamberlain's actions before the war had indeed lost the Conservatives much respect and had made them look weak to many people who saw Labour as the only reliable alternative. 3.7 billion loans US & called for One of the major issues Labour had to face was how to rebuild Britain following the end of the Second World War, it also had to face the decolonisation of the British Empire and the loss of key figures within the party due to age and illness by 1951. The very honesty and simplicity of the campaign helped enormously. Following Cripps resignation on grounds of ill health, Hugh Gaitskell took over as Chancellor during Attlees second government. Extremely cold weather met with insufficient stockpiles of coal, and much industry ground to a halt as a result. Working class voters, on the other hand, remained loyal to the Labour Party and the 1951 election saw Labour poll the highest aggregate popular vote ever achieved in Britain. 419 million in 1951, Increase in defence expenditure by 4.7 billion, Issues rose in In his budget, the Chancellor, Hugh Gaitskell, sought to balance his budget by imposing charges on false teeth and spectacles. why did Labour lose the 1951 election? Although progress was initially slow on this front, one million houses were eventually built and the housing problem was eased for a while. Why Did Labour Lose Power in 1951 | PDF | Labour Party (Uk) | National Health Service Why did Labour lose power in 1951 - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. WW2) needed loans to sustain economy, Keynes 1945 secures Their wartime experience in government was critical in catalysing trust and support for the party and its MPs who had proven themselves. a8a56820-44a0-4a9a-8187-fafb017abb00 (image/jpg), 8f36ad5d-3853-456a-9ff6-bdaabf691996 (image/jpg), c55c2574-fee6-48c9-ba8e-44fc34928bdf (image/jpg), e49a14d7-993b-49bd-9e9f-d594e2a70129 (image/jpg), 513b94d5-0e2d-4180-b58e-d389eb13cc5f (image/jpg), dd237af4-9d8e-494a-8b1e-c60544884a89.gif (image/gif), 40b0897e-0340-4b7e-af81-65768eaa4fb8 (image/jpg), 0ae72221-e96f-4b35-ad23-e78e4f949912 (image/png), Daily Express: "while he knew The first-past-the-post system emphasised each election's result. Thus, it may have my could least handle it, and Labour was blamed by a weary public in 1951. disadvantage the Labour party however he did not postposne them Why did the Conservatives win/ Labour lose the 1951 UK general election? 1. Indeed, Robert Pearce claims it seems very unlikely indeed that the campaign was crucial. To gain an understanding of the election one must study the context surrounding the election. The question as to why Labour won the 1945 election has been the source of much in depth study since the period. Firstly, the Parliamentary party was split in its loyalties to the party leadership, and cohesion within the legislature was less assured. Although it was hoped that Daltons resignation might offset some of the decline in public confidence in Labours economic policy, the government were never again endorsed by mass popularity as in the previous two years. Britains economic resources were being drained from all directions; Foreign Policy, Nationalisation, Welfare and Austerity. why did labour lose the 1951 election. Please wait while we set up your subscription TurnItIn the anti-plagiarism experts are also used by: King's College London, Newcastle University, University of Bristol, University of Cambridge, WJEC, AQA, OCR and Edexcel, Business, Companies and Organisation, Activity, Height and Weight of Pupils and other Mayfield High School investigations, Lawrence Ferlinghetti: Two Scavengers in a Truck, Two Beautiful People in a Mercedes, Moniza Alvi: Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan, Changing Materials - The Earth and its Atmosphere, Fine Art, Design Studies, Art History, Crafts, European Languages, Literature and related subjects, Linguistics, Classics and related subjects, Structures, Objectives & External Influences, Global Interdependence & Economic Transition, Acquiring, Developing & Performance Skill, Sociological Differentiation & Stratification, The question as to why Labour won the 1945 election has been the source of much in depth study since the period. Since 2015, the problem of electoral 'bias' means Westminster's voting system has advantaged the Conservatives. For many voters and MPs, the buck stops with the Labour leader. Appeasement wasn't, at the time, a hugely contentious issue however after the war many people believed this was a large reason for the war and the Conservatives were blamed. Increase in liberal votes in 1964 meant that conservative vote decreased, therefore labour required less votes to win. 9% swing against Labour. of cold war era), Violence broke out in India and Paliastine during decolonisation, Sectarian violence - Violence However, in 1950, Labour won by a tiny majority of 5 seats and in 1951 the Conservatives won by a majority of 17. The result of the election caused much surprise. Then, in the summer of 1947, problems arose with the US war loan to be paid to the British government, in the form of the convertibility clause. America sought the support of her allies in fighting the North Korean communists, and Britain committed troops to assist her. Also the Conservatives were much better funded in 1951, by business men afraid of further nationalisation the only major labour reform that the Conservatives dared to take a firm stance against. human beings", Tarnished image by the end of time in administration, Devaluation of from 1940 was the year when the foundations of political power shifted decisively leftwards for a decade By the autumn of 1942 a major upheaval in public opinion had taken place. The report was met by huge public enthusiasm and Labour's wholehearted backing. He set in motion key reforms to wipe out the image of the Conservative party being upper class elitists who do not understand the people that had been so prevalent in the last election. In opposition to the Conservative Party, it has been the major democratic socialist party in Britain since the early 20th century. Rather, the balance of payments problem forced the non-idealists within the leadership to face the necessary curtailing of public spending. Similarly, Labour simply made too many promises that were out of their reach, however they did fulfil most of their promises. It was not Churchill who lost the 1945 election, it was the ghost of Neville Chamberlain. In addition, Morrison became Home Secretary and Bevin Minister of Labour and National Service. The weeks leading up to the Feb. 28 election were pretty messy but what's so jarring is how different the 2019 campaign played out an open race after two-term Democratic Mayor Rahm Emanuel . With an inadequate sense of self-renewal, the Attlee era party had little further to put before voters after 1947. There are several causes which can be established, first by looking at the events of the Attlee years and then isolating those points at which factors were working toward the partys defeat. You need to log in to complete this action! Who was the worst prime The year 1947 brought an abrupt end to the honeymoon, as the government was forced to shift focus from massive reform to crisis management in response to fuel and trade shortages. Yet, despite this they won 26 more seats than Labour, this seems somewhat disproportionate and illogical and can once again be traced back to the first-past-the-post system. positive light, Presented themselves as a united however we spent the time on social reform. National income had fallen by a quarter during the War, meaning that many export markets needed to be recovered lest Britain face financial ruin. highly controversial and cost was welcomed by the electorate. 'Iron Curtain' and the After his 1945 defeat, Churchill remained party leader and led the Conservatives into the following general election in February 1950. So a better question is why did labour lose so many seats in '50. spectacles and dentures. Conservative In the 1951 election, which party focused mainly on past successes? The Conservatives were back in power once more, but they did little to. In 1950 Churchill also narrowly lost the next general election. Mr Churchill's Declaration of Policy to the Electorate. Conservative pre-war blunders played a key role in Labour's victory due to the electorate remembering these mistakes. Technicalities. This is especially so when one considers the crises they faced in that year, making the 1945 blue-skies, New Jerusalem thinking incredibly difficult to sustain. While this didn't net the Brexit Party any seats, it was enough for the Tories to overtake in many of them. was really in their early Looking at the Labour government in these four sections of reform, of crisis, of consolidation and of division helps us to see where the party lost its huge majority. The consequences of entering the Korean War in June 1950 also contributed to Labours downfall. Labours answer focused on working class interests. Furthermore, an apparently humiliating trade policy including subservience to US demands was particularly discrediting in the eyes of post-colonialists who identified this as betrayal rather than pragmatism. In spite of some successes during 1948, including good export figures, participation in the Berlin Airlift and regardless of middle class perceptions generous relaxations in rationing, the publics faith in the Attlee government to manage the rebuilding of Britain had dropped off considerably. 1950 Surplus 297 million fell to support for the party. Never before had the party achieved an overall majority in the House of Commons, and yet now Labour had a huge parliamentary majority of 146 seats. Why did Labour lose the 1951 General Election? The 'Falklands factor' could not be clearer from opinion polls. The Attlee Labour government of 1945-51 ended more with a whimper than with a bang. The economy's recovery was further hindered by the short-sighted need to remain a world power. in the hope of taking advantage of Churchill's huge popularity. On average in these 'red wall' constituencies, Labour lost about 2% to the Tories and about 7% to the Brexit Party. The 1959 General Election gave the Conservatives their third successive victory, the first time that a party had won three successive general elections since Napoleonic times. The Conservatives' campaign focused on Churchill and international relationships rather than any major new reforms that the electorate so desperately wanted. The disadvantages and advantages of pesticides. Gaitskell had imposed upon the health service prescription charges for glasses and false teeth, which to Bevan and other NHS idealists represented the betrayal of NHS founding principals. Industrial relations problems e.g. The year 1947 brought an abrupt end to the honeymoon, as the government was forced to shift focus from massive reform to crisis management in response to fuel and trade shortages. This split caused to distinct groups to form within Labour; the Bevanites and the Gaitsgillites. billion he had hoped for, Repayable at Furthermore, the Conservatives were able to exploit Labours failures to improve living standards. The 1951 election ended the post-war Labour governments, put Labour into opposition for 13 years and marked the start of a decade of bitter internecine warfare in the party. Following Cripps resignation on grounds of ill health, Hugh Gaitskell took over as Chancellor during Attlees second government. The popularity of the 1942 Beveridge Report, which laid much of the groundwork for the establishment of the NHS and the Welfare State, was an endorsement of Labour politics. Most significantly, Labour established the NHS in 1948, they also brought about various other reforms pertaining to welfare. The need for a better post war Britain was felt amongst all classes and Labour's support of the Beveridge Report brought widespread support. The Labour Party, led by Attlee won a landslide victory and gained a majority of 145 seats.
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