Madness In Wide Sargasso Sea - 1870 Words - Internet Public Library [11]:45 When the Vichy season ended, Chanel returned to Moulins, and her former haunt La Rotonde. "A milky skin seemed a sure sign of aristocracy." [5][6] After the war, Chanel was interrogated about her relationship with Dincklage, but she was not charged as a collaborator due to intervention by British prime minister Winston Churchill. She was the first to introduce black as a fashion color; her versatile, semi-formal . Following her comeback, Chanel updated the design in February 1955, creating what would become the "2.55" (named for the date of its creation). [8]:174 Ultimately, the mission was a failure for the Germans: British intelligence files reveal that the plan collapsed after Lombardi, on arrival in Madrid, proceeded to denounce Chanel and others to the British Embassy as Nazi spies. Forbes magazine summarized the dilemma faced by the Wertheimers: [it is Pierre Wertheimer's worry] how "a legal fight might illuminate Chanel's wartime activities and wreck her imageand his business. Gabrielle Chasnel was born August 19, 1883 in Saumur, Maine-et-Loire, France to the unmarried couple Henri Albert Chanel and Eugnie Jeanne Devolle.Her father was 27 years of age at the time of her birth and her mother, 21 years of age . We bring to you daily trends in Ghana and all around the world. Her sister Coco Chanel died on the 10th of January 1971, in Paris, France. She also claimed to have been born a decade later than 1883 and that her mother had died when she was much younger than 11. [67], In an outdoor environment of turf and sea, Chanel took in the sun, making suntans not only acceptable, but a symbol denoting a life of privilege and leisure. number--it made Coco a millionaire. [68] The quilted outside was influenced by the jackets worn by jockeys,[68] whilst at the same time enhancing the bag's shape and volume. Julia-Berthe, Gabrielle and Antoinette: the Chanel sisters. Working together, the sisters create a simple design that appeals to all classes of women. Unfortunately, we do not have much info about his life. The boyish look and the short skirts of the 1920s flapper seemed to disappear overnight. Coco Chanel was a fashion designer who founded the famous Chanel brand. From a poorhouse in Saumur, to a Catholic orphanage in the Dordogne to a nightclub stage in Moulins, Coco Chanel's life did not truly take off until she moved to the fashion capital of Paris. Meghan Mountbatten Windsor, The Duchess of Sussex. [8]:7879[9]:300 In 1936, one year after Le Tmoin ceased publication, Chanel veered to the opposite end of the ideological continuum by financing Pierre Lestringuez's radical left-wing magazine Futur. King Louis XVI executed - HISTORY She was born out of wedlock in Aubenas, but her . Soon after, feeling ill, she went to bed early. They created a corporate entity, Parfums Chanel, and the Wertheimers agreed to provide full financing for the production, marketing, and distribution of Chanel No. Albert Chanel was an itinerant street vendor who peddled work clothes and undergarments. He was born in NYC, Katrina Kaif is a name many casual moviegoers might not recognize in the United States, but across the sea in, Although the oldest living men in the world are not quite as old as the oldest living women in the, Dakota Johnson and her five siblings are a household name in acting, and if youve had a chance to catch, Becoming a neurosurgeon can be an extremely gratifying experience but surely not a quick one. Antoinette Chanel (Goodreads Author), Aurelio Sanchez (Illustrator) it was amazing 5.00 avg rating 4 ratings published 2021. With Kirsten Dunst, Jason Schwartzman, Steve Coogan, Judy Davis. Lyric Chanel lost her battle after years of fighting brain cancer and anaplastic ependymoma. Against the poverty of late 18th-century France, the five syllables evoke a cloud of pastel-colored . G+. It was a difficult stage that Coco took it upon herself to erase, even if it meant that, in the process, she would need to hide her sisters' history to the world. Charley Palmer Rothwell: Who Is Patsy Palmers Son? Coco Chanel's childhood was tragic. In 1921, she opened an early incarnation of a fashion boutique, featuring clothing, hats, and accessories, later expanded to offer jewellery and fragrances. "[8]:96 She was also involved in the costuming of Baccanale, a Ballets Russes de Monte Carlo production. Boy Chanel, the ultimate love story by Gabrielle Chanel Henry Hayter Short- Everything About Martin Shorts son. Chanel was born in France in the late 1800s during La Belle poque (French for The Beautiful Era: "1871" to the start of World War I "1914".). [8]:Chapter 11, Sleeping with the Enemy, Coco Chanel and the Secret War written by Hal Vaughan further solidifies the consistencies of the French intelligence documents released by describing Chanel as a "vicious antisemite" who praised Hitler.[37]. One day after being convicted of conspiracy with foreign powers and sentenced to death by the French National Convention, King Louis XVI is executed by guillotine in the Place de la Revolution in . "[24]:175, Chanel hired Ren de Chambrun, Vichy France prime minister Pierre Laval's son-in-law, as her lawyer to sue Wertheimer. Chanel's millinery career bloomed once theatre actress Gabrielle Dorziat wore her hats in Fernand Nozire's play Bel Ami in 1912. In Monte Carlo in 1923, at age forty, Chanel was introduced by Lombardi to the vastly wealthy Duke of Westminster, Hugh Richard Arthur Grosvenor, known to his intimates as "Bendor". Julia-Berthe got pregnant and gave birth to Andr Palasse. Together they began singing at shows in the area. The 1930s was the Great Depression era, when women needed affordable fashion. A woman calls police worried there's water flowing out from her neighbour's front door. [56]:57 For such circumstances, they desired outfits that did not give way easily and could be put on without the help of servants. Marie Antoinette helped provoke the popular unrest that led to the French Revolution and to the overthrow of the monarchy in August 1792. Its heroine and her story had resonated for Chanel since her youth. Coco Chanel had 5 brothers and sisters; Julie, Antoinette, Lucien, Alphonse and Augustin, Augustin was the brother who died at birth. Albert and Jeanne got married on 17 November 1884 in Courpire, Puy-de-Dme, France. Officially she died of tuberculosis, but biographers like Lisa Chaney point to suicide: "The macabre story goes that she threw herself in the snow naked until she lost consciousness and froze to death.". was termed "too old" for the part by the tart-tongued Coco, who was 86. Chanel's youth and physical charms impressed those for whom she auditioned, but her singing voice was marginal and she failed to find stage work. Coco's death occurred as she was working on her collection to be presented in the spring fashion shows this month. [38], Her experience with American film making left Chanel with a dislike for Hollywood's film business and a distaste for the film world's culture, which she called "infantile". He was released in 1951 owing to incurable liver disease and took refuge in Italy. The New Yorker speculated that Chanel left Hollywood because "they told her her dresses weren't sensational enough. [9]:16 With both parents absent, the infant's last name was misspelled, probably due to a clerical error. [8]:20507, Suspicions of Coco Chanel's involvement first began when German tanks entered Paris and began the Nazi occupation. During this time, she had a romantic liaison with Baron Hans Gnther von Dincklage, a German aristocrat and member of Dincklage noble family. She was often heavily criticized for this choice. [24]:196 She announced her final words to her maid which were: "You see, this is how you die. As for Antoinette and her two sisters Julia-Berthe and Coco, they were sent to the convent of Aubazine, which ran an orphanage. The little boys were put to work on farms when they were only 10 and 6 years old. She had gone for a long drive on the afternoon of Saturday, 9 January. She began to design a "less is more" aesthetic.[37]. Series following the work of senior coroner for Lancashire and Darwen Dr James Adeley, who runs a team that works from the moment a body arrives in the mortuary through to the inquest, when the cause of death is determined. Oscar Fleming & Antionette Fleming Married, Joint Family - FameChain [30] The Biarritz shop was installed not as a store-front, but in a villa opposite the casino. Antoinette Bower | Cinemorgue Wiki | Fandom How Did Marie Antoinette Influence The French Revolution While Antoinette was able to accompany her sister Coco in her early years outside the orphanage, we cannot say the same for Julia-Berthe. His affair with Chanel lasted ten years. Louis Vuitton - Person, Family & Death - Biography The cause of her death is unknown but according to at least one source, she may have died in Buenos Aires, Argentina of poisoning or Spanish flu. However, Antoinettes lifestyle seemed to be way too liberal for Oscars traditional family. During her time in Paris, she met Oscar Fleming, a Canadian pilot she married in 1919. She was introduced through a mutual friend, the Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich, cousin to the last tsar of Russia, Nicolas II. 2 distinct works Similar authors. Marie Antoinette syndrome refers to a situation where someone's hair suddenly turns white (canities). a book review by Cynthia A. Graham: The Chanel Sisters: A Novel Coco Chanel is one of the most famous designers in the world. [8]:47,79, Chanel's initial triumph was her innovative use of jersey, a machine knit material manufactured for her by the firm Rodier. It is believed Chanel adapted the rectangular, bevelled lines of the Charvet toiletry bottles he carried in his leather travelling case[23] or she adapted the design of the whiskey decanter Capel used. This article is not about Coco Chanel but her sister Antoinette Chanel. Her husband, King Louis XVI, had been executed for crimes against France, and she too had been issued the death penalty after a swift trial. Chanel was convinced that women would ultimately rebel against the aesthetic favoured by the male couturiers, what she called "illogical" design: the "waist cinchers, padded bras, heavy skirts, and stiffened jackets". [8]:18687, The extent of Churchill's intervention for Chanel after the war became a subject of gossip and speculation. Chanel dominated the Paris fashion world in the nineteen-twenties and at the height of her career was running four business enterprises--a fashion house, a textile business, perfume laboratories and 10th May marks the anniversary of the start of the reign of Louis XVI of France and his wife, the Austrian princess Marie Antoinette. Julia passed away of cause of death in 1933, at age 46 at death place. However, behind the iconic designer hides a woman with a life she tried so hard to hide. Antoinette had 5 siblings: Coco Chanel, Julia Chanel, Alphonse Chanel, Lucien Chanel and Augustin Chanel. Victor Montalbn: Where is Ricardo Montalbns son now? There is only one Chanel. Biarritz, on the Cte Basque, close to wealthy Spanish clients, was a playground for the moneyed set and those exiled from their native countries by the war. Eventually the Chanel sisters left the orphanage and were sent to a religious boarding school in Moulins, where Gabrielle met her young aunt Adrienne, just two years her senior. [18] Others believe "Coco" came from Ko Ko Ri Ko, and Qui qu'a vu Coco, or it was an allusion to the French word for kept woman, cocotte. Geni requires JavaScript! After the end of the war, Coco decided to move to Switzerland and return to Paris only in 1954 to reopen her brand. From online or printed sources and from publicly accessible databases. . She was the founder and namesake of the Chanel brand. Elon Musk. What followed was not a life of happiness, I have to say. [3] A prolific fashion creator, Chanel extended her influence beyond couture clothing, realizing her aesthetic design in jewellery, handbags, and fragrance. "And during . I only like fake jewellery because it's provocative. How Coco Chanel spent her exile in Switzerland - SWI Swissinfo.ch Julia Chanel (September 11, 1882 - May 1, 1910) Age at Time of Death: 27 years, 7 months, 20 days. 5. Early Life. Vichy boasted a profusion of concert halls, theatres, and cafs where she hoped to achieve success as a performer. 11 Stephen Colberts Siblings Ranked Oldest to Youngest The bottle design for Chanel No. Chanel introduced the left-wing Renoir to Luchino Visconti, aware that the shy Italian hoped to work in film. The Death Of Marie Antoinette And Her Haunting Last Words - All That's Accompanying her on her first trip to Hollywood was her friend, Misia Sert. [8]:41, Coinciding with her introduction to the duke was her introduction, again through Lombardi, to Lombardi's cousin, the Prince of Wales, Edward VIII. Certains indicateurs avaient des numros sans le savoir"). The qualities of the fabric, however, ensured that the designer would continue to use it long after her business became profitable. She refused a marriage proposal from the Duke of Westminster. I really like how the author chose to write from Antoinette's perspective because we got to see Coco from a different view. The founder and namesake of the Chanel brand, she was credited in the postWorld War I era with popularizing a sporty, casual chic as the feminine standard of style. Chanel did not stiffen the material or use shoulder pads, as was common in contemporary fashion. Actress Charlbi Dean's cause of death revealed - nypost.com Unfortunately, little is known about Julias life after her orphanage experience. The Chanel Sisters is a fascinating and well written historical fiction story about the French designer Coco and her younger sister Antoinette as told from Antoinette's perspective. For many Antoinette's death came as a shock and unexpected and the close relatives are in total devastation and sadness. 4 Eminems Siblings Ranked Oldest to Youngest, 11 Stephen Colberts Siblings Ranked Oldest to Youngest, 14 Celine Dions Siblings Ranked Oldest to Youngest, 8 Frida Kahlos Siblings Ranked Oldest To Youngest, 7 Vincent van Goghs Siblings Ranked Oldest to Youngest, Al Capones 8 Siblings Ranked Oldest To Youngest, Katrina Kaifs 7 Siblings Ranked Oldest to Youngest, 10 Oldest Living Men in the World (Updated 2021), Dakota Johnsons 5 Siblings Ranked Oldest to Youngest, 12 Youngest Centers in 2022-2023 NBA Season, 10 Youngest Cities in the World Based on Population. She cut the jackets on the straight grain, without adding bust darts. [11], At more than 70 years old, after having her couture house closed for 15 years, she felt the time was right for her to re-enter the fashion world. PARIS, Jan. 10--Gabrielle (Coco) Chanel, one of the greatest couturiers of the 20th century, died tonight in her apartment at the Ritz Hotel. In 1943, Chanel traveled to the RSHA in Berlinthe "lion's den"with her liaison and "old friend", the German Embassy in Paris press attach Baron Hans Gnther von Dincklage, a former Prussian Army officer and attorney general, who was also known as "Sparrow" among his friends and colleagues. In the words of Judithe Little, author of the book Chanel's Sisters: "The past was terribly painful for her. Antoinette Julia Flming (Chanel) (1887 - d.) - Genealogy Interested parties in the proceedings were cognizant that Chanel's Nazi affiliations during wartime, if made public knowledge, would seriously threaten the reputation and status of the Chanel brand. Biographer Lisa Chaney writes: The macabre story goes that she threw herself in the snow naked until she lost consciousness and froze to death., Age at Time of Death: 87 years, 4 months, 22 days. This replaced the "corseted silhouette" that was dominant beforehand with a style that was simpler, far less time consuming to put on and remove, more comfortable, and less expensive, all without sacrificing elegance. [8]:56 It was a lifestyle of self-indulgence. [9]:27 It was a stark, frugal life, demanding strict discipline. The latter sadly died as a baby in 1891. Her friends said that a chambermaid discovered that Coco was ill and called a physician. However, in the end, she was not charged as a collaborator after Winston Churchills intervention. With her angelic face and feminine manners, all eyes were on . History of Coco Chanel:. The charity girls educated at the convent in Aubazine, France, are instructed in all useful things for becoming maids, seamstresses, or wives of farmers. We use our own and third-party cookies to personalize and improve the use and experience of our users on our website. [8]:17475, In September 1944, Chanel was interrogated by the Free French Purge Committee, the puration. [24]:17577[42], Declassified archival documents unearthed by Vaughan reveal that the French Prfecture de Police had a document on Chanel in which she was described as "Couturier and perfumer. [citation needed], In 1922, at the Longchamps races, Thophile Bader, founder of the Paris Galeries Lafayette, introduced Chanel to businessman Pierre Wertheimer. For the sum of a million dollars (approximately US$75million today), he would bring her to Hollywood twice a year to design costumes for his stars. More importantly, meticulous attention was placed on detail during fittings. Secret Facts, History & Timeline Of COCO CHANEL: Life & Brand Schiaparelli's innovative designs, replete with playful references to surrealism, were garnering critical acclaim and generating enthusiasm in the fashion world. Interestingly, she made up a story that wasn't too far from the truth, saying she was raised by old-maid aunts in the countryside. Her grounds for proprietary ownership were based on the claim that Parfums Chanel "is still the property of Jews" and had been legally "abandoned" by the owners. It was at this time that Gabrielle acquired the name "Coco" when she spent her nights singing in the cabaret, often the song, "Who Has Seen Coco?" Fri 03 Mar 18:00. Imprisoned in the former medieval fortress of the Conciergerie on the Quai d'Horloge in the centre of Paris before her 'trial' and death, the dank and dark cell in which she rested, alone, unable even to kiss her children goodbye, was later turned into a memorial. Few details are known about her real life, but the author contends Antoinette was "responsible for conducting a large portion of . Gabrielle Bonheur "Coco" Chanel (19 August 1883 - 10 January 1971) was a French fashion designer, businesswoman and Nazi collaborator. Meghan Markle. Chanel, the Couturier, Dead in Paris - The New York Times [8]:3637. When Chanel died, the first lady of France, Mme Pompidou, organized a hero's tribute. [52], Her funeral was held at the glise de la Madeleine; her fashion models occupied the first seats during the ceremony and her coffin was covered with white flowerscamellias, gardenias, orchids, azaleas and a few red roses. [58][59] Kitmir's fusion of oriental stitching with stylised folk motifs was highlighted in Chanel's early collections. "[8]:62 Ultimately, her design aesthetic did not translate well to film. In Wide Sargasso Sea, it is Daniel Coswayin his first letterthat informs Rochester that Antoinette's family suffers from . After one year of operation, the business proved to be so lucrative that in 1916 Chanel was able to reimburse Capel's original investment. Donald Trump. [35], Unlike the pre-war era, when women reigned as the premier couturiers, Christian Dior achieved success in 1947 with his "New Look", and a cadre of male designers achieved recognition: Dior, Cristbal Balenciaga, Robert Piguet, and Jacques Fath. 5"--she had been told by a fortune-teller that five was her lucky Here are nine things you probably didn't know about Coco Chanel: 1. 8 Frida Kahlos Siblings Ranked Oldest To Youngest Marie Antoinette (2006) - IMDb Although Gabrielle herself revealed, according to an Atlantic article, that her nickname came from the French word "cocotte," which means casserole. It consisted of a jacket and skirt in supple and light wool or mohair tweed, and a blouse and jacket lining in jersey or silk. Unfortunately, he did not survive childhood and died before celebrating his first birthday. of death was not immediately known. Unfortunately, she was sent to the orphanage with her sisters when she was extremely young, at the age of 8 years old. The Chanel Sisters with Author Judithe Little. Connecting the Dots. Coco Chanel revolutionized haute couture as few have done in fashion history. Some informers had numbers without being aware of it." Antoinettes mother Jeanne Devolle passed away in the year 1895 when Antoinette was at the age of 8 years old. She passed away in the year 1920 when she was 33 years old. The retelling of France's iconic but ill-fated queen, Marie Antoinette. previously i told the stories of charles becker and len davis. The two tied the knot in 1919 and decided to move to Canada. Former Nopd Officer Sentenced to Death-antoinette Frank 5, which is still extremely popular today. Antoinette's life was also largely unknown. Coco Chanel - New World Encyclopedia [8]:16971 Schellenberg's SS liaison officer, Captain Walter Kutschmann, acted as bagman, "told to deliver a large sum of money to Chanel in Madrid". Chanel wanted to make sure women could do all of these things while wearing her suit, without accidentally exposing parts of their body they wanted covered. [9]:313, The Chanel couture was a lucrative business enterprise, employing 4,000 people by 1935. 4 Eminems Siblings Ranked Oldest to Youngest [29] The location was a prime one, in the center of town on a fashionable street. His death left the king's 11-year-old grandson, Louis-Auguste, heir to the French throne. After their mother's death, the sisters are abandoned by their father and left to be raised by the nuns. In fact, some say that this is where her famous nickname Coco was born, as she only knew the songs "Ko-Ko-Ko-Ri-Ko" and "Qui qu'a vu Coco." The chain used for the strap echoed the chatelaines worn by the caretakers of the orphanage where Chanel grew up, whilst the burgundy lining referenced the convent uniforms. Marie Antoinette: Legacy . Count Joseph von Ledebur-Wicheln, a Nazi agent who defected to the British Secret Service in 1944, recalled a meeting he had with Dincklage in early 1943, in which the baron had suggested including Lombardi as a courier. If you read only one book this year, make it The Chanel Sisters." Before her sudden death, Dean landed the biggest role of acting career when she appeared in "Triangle of Sadness" with Woody Harrelson. Julia-Berthe was 13, Gabrielle 12, and Antoinette was only 8 years old. Gabrielle Chanel was born in Saumur, France, on August 19, 1883. Chanel created timeless classics and set a high benchmark for the fashion designers to come. They said that her death came peacefully and that nothing in recent days had indicated she was in . Elle est morte le 1er mai 1910 au 200, Faubourg Saint-Denis Paris (10me arrondissement) [2] . Chanel visited Madrid in 1943 to convince the British ambassador to Spain, Sir Samuel Hoare, a friend of Winston Churchill, about a possible German surrender once the war was leaning towards an Allied victory. [8]:4849[35] When asked why she did not marry the Duke of Westminster, she is supposed to have said: "There have been several Duchesses of Westminster. In 1884, he married Jeanne Devolle,[9]:16 persuaded to do so by her family who had "united, effectively, to pay Albert". In 2011, Hal Vaughan published a book about Chanel based on newly declassified documents, revealing that she had collaborated directly with the Nazi intelligence service, the Sicherheitsdienst. She died in the year 1912 after she reportedly committed suicide. Get all latest content delivered to your email a few times a month. After her romance with Reverdy ended in 1926, they maintained a friendship that lasted some forty years. Iribe and Chanel shared the same reactionary politics, Chanel financing Iribe's monthly, ultra-nationalist and anti-republican newsletter, Le Tmoin, which encouraged a fear of foreigners and preached antisemitism. At the orphanage, they learned how to sew. Her signature scent, Chanel No. [49] Arnaud wore this outfit, "with its slightly padded, square shouldered cardigan jacket, two patch pockets and sleeves that unbuttoned back to reveal crisp white cuffs", above "a white muslin blouse with a perky collar and bow [that] stayed perfectly in place with small tabs that buttoned onto the waistline of an easy A-line skirt. According to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, "With her financial situation precarious in the early years of her design career, Chanel purchased jersey primarily for its low cost. Antoinette Julia Flming (Chanel) Also Known As: "Ninette". They lived crowded into a one-room lodging in the town of Brive-la-Gaillarde. Chanel was the mistress of some of the most influential men of her time, but she never married. [68] In 2005, the Chanel firm released an exact replica of the original 1955 bag to commemorate the 50th anniversary of its creation. There, among its mysteries, are her two sisters, Julia-Berthe and Antoinette, who did not have such a pleasant life as the Coco. [50], As 1971 began, Chanel was 87 years old, tired, and ailing. Marie Antoinette: the very name of the doomed queen of France, the last of the Ancien Rgime, evokes power and fascination. She was 87 years old when she died. [8], In 1906, Chanel worked in the spa resort town of Vichy. However, some claim that she played a key role in Cocos early career as a fashion artist as she often supported her in the 1910s. Twitter Facebook Reddit. Let us learn more in detail about the death of Antoinette, the obituary, and the cause behind . By 1927, Chanel owned five properties on the rue Cambon, buildings numbered 23 to 31. 6. Iribe was with Coco Chanel, at her villa, La Pausa, on the French Riviera, in September, 21 1935, when he suddenly collapsed and died while playing tennis. "[36], During Chanel's affair with the Duke of Westminster in the 1930s, her style began to reflect her personal emotions. Unfortunately, her mother died of tuberculosis in 1895, when Julia was only 13 years old. Coco was the sister of Antoinette Chanel. They had a romantic interlude, and maintained a close association for many years afterward. [7] When the war ended, Chanel moved to Switzerland, returning to Paris in 1954 to revive her fashion house. Use what you have. She carried out her usual routine of preparing the spring catalogue. The Ugly Truth About MARIE ANTOINETTE SYNDROME! - BUILD YOUR BODY In 1931, while in Monte Carlo Chanel became acquainted with Samuel Goldwyn. The older sister's life is unknown except that she was a single mother to Andr Palasse. The Troubling Truth About Coco Chanel - Grunge [4], Her couture house closed in 1939, with the outbreak of World War II. The Chanel Sisters - Author Susan Cushman Her rise from rags to riches was fueled by her creative genius, while her personal life was characterized by her high-profile relationships and seductive power over influential men. [67] Whilst details of the classic bag have been reworked, such as the 1980s update by Karl Lagerfeld when the clasp and lock were redesigned to incorporate the Chanel logo and leather was interlaced through the shoulder chain, the bag has retained its original basic form. Sometime later, Antoinette left her husband in Canada and traveled to Buenos Aires, where she died in 1922. Gossip had it that he visited Chanel in her apartment and requested that she call him "David", a privilege reserved only for his closest friends and family. "[8]:9, Chanel had begun designing hats while living with Balsan, initially as a diversion that evolved into a commercial enterprise. 5, has become an iconic product, and she designed her famed interlocked-CC monogram, which has been in use since the 1920s. [8]:13,47, Chanel's introduction of jersey to high-fashion worked well for two reasons: First, the war had caused a shortage of more traditional couture materials, and second, women began desiring simpler and more practical clothes. [45], In late 2014, French intelligence agencies declassified and released documents confirming Coco Chanel's role with Germany in World War II.
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